General Information
- Reactions to food are common and can be divided into two categories, those caused by food allergy and all other reactions
- Food allergies develop when the body’s immune system has an abnormal reaction to one or more proteins in a food that can lead to serious allergic reactions
- Other food reactions are not caused by the immune system but can cause unpleasant symptoms (examples include lactose intolerance, heartburn, food poisoning, and sensitivities)
- Wheat allergy is one of the most common food allergies
- Wheat is a type of grain that is ground into flour
- 20% of people with wheat allergy are allergic to other grains such as rye, barely or oats
Wheat Avoidance
- Tell anyone with regular contact with you or your child about the allergy and avoidance of wheat
- Read labels every time you buy something. Manufacturers can change products at any time
- Be aware of cross contamination (transfer of wheat to a food that does not normally have wheat as an ingredient)
- Food ingredients that indicate or may indicate the presence of wheat:
- Atta
- Farina
- Semolina
- Bulgur
- Germ
- Spelt (dinkel, farro)
- Couscous
- Gluten
- Triticale
- Durum
- Graham flour
- Titicum aestivom
- Einkorn
- High gluten flour
- Wheat bran
- Enriched flour
- High protein flour
- Wheat flour
- White flour
- Kamut
- Wheat
- Whole wheat flour
- Seitan
- Wheat starch
- Some foods that contain or may contain wheat
- Baked goods (cakes)
- Communion wafers
- Natural flavor
- Baking powder
- Crackers
- Pasta
- Baking mixes
- Donuts
- Pie filling
- Batter fried foods
- Falafel
- Potato chips
- Beer
- Gelatin / modified starch
- Play dough
- Bread
- Gravy
- Prepared ketchup/mustard
- Bread crumbs
- Hot dogs / processed meat
- Pudding
- Candy
- Hydrolyzed plant protein
- Salad dressing
- Candy bars
- Ice cream
- Seasoning
- Cereal
- Imitation bacon
- Soy sauce
- Chutney
- Marinara sauce
- Surimi
- Chicken / beef broth
- Muffins
- Tamari
Allergic Reactions
- Symptoms often occur within minutes up to 2 hours of exposure to wheat
- Outside Symptoms
- Face: Redness, itchy eyes / nose, swelling
- Skin: Itching, redness, hives, swelling
- Inside Symptoms
- Face: Swelling lips and tongue, itchy mouth
- Throat: Itching, tightness, hoarse voice, cough
- Lungs: Trouble breathing, shortness of breath
- Stomach: Vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea
- General: Dizzy, unsteady, drowsy, fainting
- Not every reaction will look the same, a person can have different symptoms each time
- Symptoms range from mild to life threatening, there is no way to predict if the reaction will be mild or severe
- Anaphylaxis is a severe life threatening reaction with more than one body system affected (skin, breathing, stomach, general) and can occur WITHOUT skin symptoms such as hives
Treatment of Reactions
- Antihistamines such as Benadryl will NOT stop severe reactions
- An epinephrine auto injector such as Allerject or EpiPen MUST be available at all times
- If you are visiting an area without access to a hospital you should have 2 auto injectors available
- A medical identification device such a Medical Alert bracelet should be worn to outline the food allergy and that an epinephrine auto injector is carried
- Give epinephrine in the outer thigh if there are any of the following symptoms (listed in the table on the previous page)
- General symptoms
- Severe outside symptoms
- Any inside symptoms
- If you are in doubt, give the epinephrine
- After epinephrine is given
- Lie down / lie your child down
- Call local emergency service and tell them someone is having an allergic reaction
- If the reaction continues or worsens, give a second dose of epinephrine in 5 - 15 minutes (there is only 1 dose of epinephrine in each auto injector, a second dose requires a new auto-injector)
- Go to the nearest emergency room even if the symptoms are gone because the reaction can worsen or come back
- Stay in the hospital for at least 4 - 6 hours of observation
Outcomes for Wheat Allergic Patients
- The majority of people outgrow the wheat allergy
- Repeat skin testing and blood work every 1 - 2 years will help determine if the allergy is outgrown
- An oral food challenge (eating wheat in small steps ONLY in the doctors office) will be offered if your doctor feels it is safe
- Wheat products should NEVER be tried outside of a doctors office to see if the allergy is outgrown
Additional information: www.anaphylaxis.ca or www.foodallergy.org